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Cellular Respiration: Midterm Revision Notes

Prepared by Amara Osei · BIOL 1120 Introductory Biology II · Midterm 2, Thursday March 19, 2026 · Covers textbook Ch. 7–8

Overview

Cellular respiration is how cells turn the chemical energy in food, usually glucose, into ATP, the molecule that powers almost everything a cell does. It runs in four linked stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC). The first three stages strip electrons from glucose and load them onto carriers (NADH and FADH₂). The ETC then spends those electrons to build a proton gradient, and ATP synthase uses that gradient to make most of the ATP. Oxygen's job is simply to be the final electron acceptor at the end of the chain.

At a Glance

Total yield: roughly 30–32 ATP per glucose in the textbook model.

Key Terms

Main Concepts, Explained Simply

1. Glycolysis: split the sugar

Revision notes with key terms

The prompt

Create a Doc of study notes on cellular respiration (glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain and fermentation) for the BIOL 1120 Introductory Biology II midterm at Northfield State University on March 19, 2026. Include a one-paragraph overview, key terms with definitions in a table, main concepts explained simply with examples, a summary diagram described in words, common exam mistakes, and 10 practice questions with answers at the end.

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